Cmake的简单使用

Cmake

Windows

创建新项目

main 函数内容如下

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>

int main()
{
    std::cout<<"Hello world"<<std::endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

Cmakelists.txt内容如下

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(kinematic)#项目名称

# set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)
# SET(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release)

set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)

#编译级别和优化
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE AND (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug"))
    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG} -Wall -O0")
    message("Debug mode:${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG}")
    #add_executable(test_debug ${src_dirs})

elseif(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE AND (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Release"))
    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE} -Wall -O3")
    message("Release mode:${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE}")
    #add_executable(test_release ${src_dirs})
else()
    message("else:${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
    message("else:${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE}")
    #add_executable(test_release ${src_dirs})
endif()

# Default to C 11
if(CMAKE_C_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
endif()

# Default to C++14
if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
  #set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
endif()

#检查安全性
if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
  add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)
endif()
#系统检测，备用
if(WIN32)
endif()
if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE AND NOT ANDROID)
endif()
if(APPLE)
endif()
#库路径
include_directories(include)
#源代码路径
aux_source_directory(src SRC_SUB)
aux_source_directory(. SRC_CUR)	

MESSAGE(STATUS  "message" ${HELLO_BINARY_DIR})#输出一下
#可执行文件
add_executable(kinematic  ${SRC_SUB} ${SRC_CUR})

打开vscode

选择Cmake Configure

该操作实质等同于：

mkdir build
cd build
cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ../

如果正常的话当前目录下会多个build文件夹

cd 进入 build文件夹，输入

cmake .
mingw32-make.exe

完成编译。

vscode调试cmake

在工作空间的.vscode文件夹下，创建launch.json和tasks.json

参考如下：

launch.json

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++.exe build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}\\build\\kinematic.exe",//需要改成自己的可执行文件
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\Program Files\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            //需要与task.json的label名称对应
            "preLaunchTask": "Build my project"
        }
    ]
}

• program: 要调试的可执行程序的路径，里边可以使用一些宏，宏的外部加 ${} 表示取值
• ${fileDirname}：文件目录的名字，launch.json 对应的目录名就是 .vscode
• ${fileBasenameNoExtension}：不带扩展名的文件名，文件名是 main 函数对应的那个文件
• ${workspaceFolder}：工作区目录
• preLaunchTask：调试项目前要执行的任务，C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件是 tasks.json 中的一个任务

tasks.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "options": {
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build/"  //进入build目录
    },

    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "cmake",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "cmake ",
            "args": [
                "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug",//可改为Release
                ".."
            ]
        },
        {
            "label": "make",
            "group":{
                "kind":"build",
                "isDefault":true
            },
            "command": "mingw32-make.exe",//or make.exe
            "args":[
            ]
        },
        {
            "label":"Build my project",
            "dependsOn":[
                "cmake",
                "make"                
            ]
        }
    ]
}

c_cpp_properties.json 这个文件可有可无，主要便于编程时vscode识别头文件，不会被标红

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win64",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "C:/Program Files/Opencv/opencv-4.6.0-src/build/x64/mingw/install/include",
                "C:/Program Files/Opencv/opencv-4.6.0-src/build/x64/mingw/install/include/opencv2"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "C:\\Program Files\\mingw64\\bin\\gcc.exe",
            "cStandard": "gnu17",
            "cppStandard": "gnu++20",
            "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

Linux

基本操作都和windows差不多，

sudo apt install cmake gcc
cd ./test
mkdir build
cd ./build 
cmake ..  #..代表读取build上级目录的cmakelist.txt，此时build目录应当生成一堆文件，但最重要的是makefile
make  #开始编译，二进制文件在build目录下